This post I will examine the third step of the Uluru Statement reforms – known interchangeably as Truth or Truthtelling.
- Voice: Give us a consultative body and citizenship in exchange for our Sovereignty
- Makarrata: Federal Government and States share our birthright amongst themselves
- Truthtelling: Rewriting the history books
They say, history is written by the victor. Australia has not yet secured victory over the original inhabitants. Australia’s history books have until very recently (with the help of Aboriginal activists and “black armband” historians) ignored Aboriginal peoples. The historical narrative and objectives of Australian colonisation have gone through several phases, we are now nearing the conclusion of the final phase (if successful). The best way to explain what is happening now is by comparing to the previous phases.
Phase 1: Hope that we will simply die out
Terra Nullius… they came knowing full well that the land was inhabited, they knew we had law (they used our own laws against us), but for their own convenience they hoped and thought we would just die off. To speed up the process – they turned a willful blind-eye while “settlers cleared” the land. “Squatters rights” – meant that those “clearing” the land were handsomely rewarded. The most successful land-clearing families became part of the who’s who of colonial Australia, they became very powerful and many of them are still holding the reigns in politics and business today. They got there via hard work – hard, hands-on work. Slaughter, rape, dispossession, cover-up and genocide of the Aboriginal peoples, as well as building farms and businesses on the land they acquired. If phase 1 were successful in wiping out Aboriginal people, the Terra Nullius narrative would have become retrospectively true in the history books, leaving behind fragments of a story of a mysterious race of people who just as mysteriously disappeared.
Phase 2: Hope that we will assimilate and forget who we are
Time went on. The death of the “last Aborigine in Tasmania” became etched in their history almost like it was a proud milestone. But we are still here fighting. Decent Australians complained about Aboriginal peoples being excluded and destitute, prompting a change in strategy toward assimilation policies. We were taken from our parents, put in boarding schools and missions, were taught how to clean houses and ride horses. Gradually, we gained rights normally granted to citizens, learnt white-man’s ways, and became part of their world. Today schools, universities, identified positions in the public service, and the lure of money are some of the main tools of assimilation. But we always retained our culture, and in some ways it became stronger as we united both in our struggle against oppression, and by our collective feeling of never really belonging.
The Terra Nullius myth has left remnants which can still be seen in the legal system post-Mabo. This lie has become very difficult to sustain when even school kids around the world know that Aboriginal people still live in Australia and still practice their law and culture. Also very problematic is we have not forgotten who we are, and we continue consistently and clearly resist and call for our Sovereignty to be acknowledged and for Treaty. The obviousness of the Terra Nullius lie is a massive problem for the Australian Government that “Truthtelling” will solve.
Phase 3: Act like we allowed the Colonisers here all along
How will “truthtelling” solve this problem of the Terra Nullius lie? There are clues in the Uluru Statement itself. There is a huge omission – the statement says absolutely nothing about the ongoing and active struggle of our peoples against oppression. It lists a few symptoms such as high incarceration, but stops short of explaining why – just blowing it off that it is caused by ‘a structural problem’ that can be solved by constitutional assimilation. It is like all those who fought for our land, our law and our culture never existed.
an excerpt from the Uluru Statement;
Our Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander tribes were the first sovereign Nations of the Australian continent and its adjacent islands, and possessed it under our own laws and customs. This our ancestors did, according to the reckoning of our culture, from the Creation, according to the common law from ‘time immemorial’, and according to science more than 60,000 years ago.
This sovereignty is a spiritual notion: the ancestral tie between the land, or ‘mother nature’, and the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples who were born therefrom, remain attached thereto, and must one day return thither to be united with our ancestors. This link is the basis of the ownership of the soil, or better, of sovereignty. It has never been ceded or extinguished, and co-exists with the sovereignty of the Crown.
By getting mob to sign this – they tricked them to acknowledge and to backdate Crown claims of Sovereignty to 1770. Note the past-tense in the first paragraph – we “were” (not “are”) the first sovereign Nations, we “possessed it” etc. Implying that we are no longer sovereign Nations, nor still in possession of the continent. Yet it also says sovereignty “has never been ceded or extinguished” – so what happened to our Sovereignty?
To paraphrase another part – our “Sovereignty is a spiritual notion” that “co-exists with the Sovereignty of the crown“. Co-existing sovereignty implies a sharing arrangement, which is exactly what the Constitutional Reforms via a Federalism agreement will formalise. The First Nations sovereignty claim will retain the ‘spiritual’ part – while the Crown has gained sovereignty gradually by moving across the land, claiming the land, minerals, flora, fauna, waters, everything they want. But Australia has no interest in acquiring a Spiritual connection, so First Nations present no threat in asserting their spiritual interests in the Uluru Statement.
This is philosophically in line with the Mabo “acquisition of Sovereignty by settlement” and Howard’s Native Title bucketloads of extinguishment. I would say this thinking dates back to at least the mid 90’s, and sharing via Federalism was probably planned since then as a ‘plan B’ if the ‘plan A’ of Recognition + Republic didn’t work.
So how does all of this fit in with Truthtelling? Well I think it’s pretty clear. History will be gradually rewritten and selectively emphasised to give the impression that we passively consented to being slowly assimilated. The long-term goal of “Truth” is to construct a clean and consistent narrative for the consumption of future generations of Australians. The current narrative is a dog’s breakfast of contradictions, it needs repairing and cleaning. Our resistance needs to be brushed off like those who walked out of the Yulara dialogues – you can’t please everyone, right?
How History is being rewritten
The mainstream media has been paying more attention to Aboriginal history in the last decade. Pay attention to what is being revealed and discussed – you may notice it mostly falls into one of two categories;
- Big, brutal events they cannot deny because there is already high awareness like documented frontier massacres already uncovered by independent researchers. These events might still not appear just yet in official accounts if it will cause their story to prematurely collapse – eg. you wont see the Frontier Wars in the Australian War Memorial until they have us safely in the Constitution. or;
- Relatively tame, trivial, information about culture, or pre-contact stories, that do not involve gross crimes against humanity and don’t show evidence of active resistance.
Here is an example of category 2 from the planned Cooktown 2020 event;
Over the weeks, their courage grew and the Bama instigated meetings with Cook’s crew with relations between them being largely friendly. Over seven separate meetings they spent sufficient time together for Cook, Banks and the Endeavour’s team of naturalists to record more than 130 words of the native language. One of the words recorded was gangurru, which was spelt ‘kangaroo’.
Then relations took a turn for the worse. The Endeavour crew caught some turtle and refused to share them with the local clan. This was a sign of great disrespect for the Guugu Yimithirr. The meat of ngawiya was so highly valued that it would always be given first to the Elders, and only when they had finished would the remainder be eaten by the rest of the clan. Cook’s men, of course, knew nothing of this and thought the turtle was rightfully theirs and needed all the meat for their voygage home to England.
The Guugu Yimithirr were incensed, and the scuffle that followed could easily have led to bloodshed – the Guugu Yimithirr greatly outnumbered the Endeavour crew and there were numerous opportunities to spear them but, perhaps because they were on neutral ground, the dispute was quickly resolved and the Bama allowed Cook and his men to leave unharmed.
Had this not been the case, how different our history would be. The British Admiralty would not have been told of the discovery of a new land and, eighteen years later, the First Fleet would not have arrived at Sydney Cove to begin building the country we now call Australia.
They could have killed every man on the Endeavour – but they didn’t. Does that imply ambivalence to Cooks presence? And until 15-20 years ago, the story emphasis would have been about Cook repairing his ship, the indigenous would have been a footnote.
Outside of these 2 categories there are plenty of stories that would show active resistance, premeditated attacks against Aboriginal Sovereignty, and plenty of ‘smaller’ albeit abhorrent stories. These stories won’t be volunteered, they will only come out if independent researchers first force them out, then they will be downplayed and discredited as much as possible – a good example would be John Pilger’s Utopia documentary. Utopia is not “Truthtelling”.
In another 50 years or even less – the zeitgeist will be “everyone can play the didgeridoo and Australia is officially 60,000 years old.” By reading the Uluru Statement, future generations of Australians will have no hint of our resistance, even though in 2017/18 it is an intrinsic part of our story. Maybe they will look at photos of the Tent Embassy with it’s “Sovereignty” sign and interpret it as a request to join Australia.
“Truthtelling” is not for our benefit
Don’t expect “Truthtelling” to be a path to fair restitution, compensation, justice, cultural protection (beyond that which is commercially valuable), war crime investigations, genocide tribunals or any apologies. Don’t expect it to allow us to share the burden of carrying the horrific stories we have passed down through our families. Don’t expect we can finally go and say ‘hi’ to our non-indigenous cousins who don’t even know we exist, even though we share grandfathers – the fathers of the stolen generations. We will keep carrying the dirty secrets until they are forgotten. There will be no justice in this “Truthtelling”, it’s sole purpose is to rewrite history to benefit the oppressor.
